陶瓷结合剂中各组分含量对其性能的影响

陈棋; 王春华; 栗正新; 张霖; 张国威; 周少杰; 夏学峰; 邵俊永

doi:10.13394/j.cnki.jgszz.2023.0126

陶瓷结合剂中各组分含量对其性能的影响

doi: 10.13394/j.cnki.jgszz.2023.0126

1.
河南工业大学材料科学与工程学院, 郑州 450001
2.
白鸽磨料磨具有限公司, 郑州 450199
3.
中国机械工业国际合作有限公司, 郑州 450018
4.
成都工具研究所有限公司, 成都 610500

详细信息

通讯作者:
栗正新，男，1964年生，教授。主要研究方向：磨料磨具、超硬材料及制品，计算机在材料科学中的应用。E-mail: zhengxin_li@haut.edu.cn

中图分类号: TQ171
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-06-09
- 修回日期: 2024-01-08
- 录用日期: 2024-01-30
- 刊出日期: 2024-12-06

Effect of composition and content on properties of vitrified bond

1.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
2.
White Dove Abrasives and Grinding Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450199, China
3.
SINOMACH-INT Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450018, China
4.
Chengdu Tool Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610500, China

摘要

摘要: 为探究R₂O-Al₂O₃-B₂O₃-SiO₂体系结合剂中各组分含量变化对其性能的影响，通过改变结合剂中Al₂O₃、B₂O₃和SiO₂的含量，对各组结合剂的耐火度、流动性、热膨胀系数、抗折强度以及显微硬度进行测定。结果表明：当Al₂O₃和SiO₂的质量分数分别达到最大25%和65%时，结合剂的耐火度最大，可达815 ℃；当B₂O₃的质量分数达到最大30%、Al₂O₃的质量分数达到最小10%时，结合剂的耐火度最小，为744 ℃；不同配方结合剂的流动性均为95%～135%；结合剂的热膨胀系数和抗折强度都会根据n(Al₂O₃ + B₂O₃) / n(Na₂O)的变化表现出不同的变化；各组分对结合剂显微硬度提高的影响为SiO₂> B₂O₃>Al₂O₃。
- 陶瓷结合剂组分 /
- 三元相图 /
- 热膨胀系数 /
- 力学性能
Abstract: Objectives: Vitrified bonded diamond grinding tools are widely used in the machining industry, but the high-temperature resistance of diamond is poor. Therefore, there are high requirements on sintering temperature, flowability, and thermal expansion coefficient of vitrified bond materials. The influence of the content of Al₂O₃, B₂O₃, and SiO₂ in vitrified bond on its properties is investigated. By changing the content of these three components and comparing the changes in the properties of the bonds, a more suitable vitrified bond for diamond grinding tools is obtained. Methods: Using a ternary phase diagram, the content of Al₂O₃, B₂O₃, and SiO₂ in the R₂O-Al₂O₃-B₂O₃-SiO₂ bond system is adjusted. Sixteen different formulas were designed to prepare 5 mm × 6 mm × 30 mm sample strips under a pressure of 5 MPa, and dried at 80 ℃ for 12 hours. The refractoriness of each group of bonds was measured using a standard refractory cone, the flowability of the bonds was measured using the plane flow method, and the thermal expansion coefficient of the bonds was determined. According to the refractoriness data determined by each formula, sintering was carried out at a temperature 60 ℃ higher than the refractoriness of the bond. A microcomputer-controlled electronic universal testing machine was used to determine the flexural strength of the bond using the three-point bending method. The microhardness of the bond was measured using a microhardness tester, and the microstructure of the bond was analyzed. Results: From the analysis of the measured performance data, it can be concluded that: (1) B₂O₃ has the effect of reducing the refractoriness in vitrified bonds, while SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ increase the refractoriness of the bonds. Al₂O₃ has a greater impact on the refractoriness of the bonds than SiO₂. (2) B₂O₃has the effect of improving the flowability of bonds, while Al₂O₃ reduces the flowability of bonds. The thermal expansion coefficient and the flexural strength of the bond will vary depending on the content of Al₂O₃ and B₂O₃. When the Al₂O₃ content in the bond is high, the thermal expansion coefficient of the bond will first decrease and then increase with the increase of B₂O₃ content, and the flexural strength will first increase and then decrease with the increase of B₂O₃ content. When the Al₂O₃ content in the bond is low, the thermal expansion coefficient of the bond will increase with the increase of B₂O₃ content, and the flexural strength will decrease with the increase of B₂O₃ content. When the SiO₂ content is fixed, the thermal expansion coefficient of the bond will increase with the increase of B₂O₃ content, and the flexural strength will increase with the increase of Al₂O₃ content. When the B₂O₃ content is fixed, the thermal expansion coefficient of the bond will increase with the increase of Al₂O₃ content, and the flexural strength will increase with the increase of B₂O₃ content. The influence of each component in the bond on the microhardness change of the bond is SiO₂>B₂O₃>Al₂O₃. When the molar ratio of Al₂O₃+B₂O₃ to Na₂O in the bond is less than 1, Al₂O₃ and B₂O₃ will combine with oxygen ions in Na₂O to form [AlO₄] and [BO₄], which participate in the network structure of the bond and densify it. Breaking the dense network structure requires higher energy. Therefore, densification of the network structure in the bond can reduce its thermal expansion coefficient and improve its flexural strength and microhardness. When n(Al₂O₃+B₂O₃)/n(Na₂O)>1, the oxygen ions in Na₂O are insufficient, and Al₂O₃ and B₂O₃ form [AlO₃] and [BO₃] triangles, reducing the density of the network structure. The fluffy structure makes the network structure more sensitive to energy, increasing the thermal expansion coefficient of the bond and reducing its flexural strength and microhardness. Conclusions: A ternary phase diagram based on the content of Al₂O₃, B₂O₃, and SiO₂ in the R₂O-Al₂O₃-B₂O₃-SiO₂ system bond can intuitively reflect the synergistic effect of the three components during sintering. The three components will exhibit different effects in bonds with different contents, and their impact on the performance of the bond will also be different. When designing the formula for vitrified bonds, it is necessary to consider the roles of different components in the bond and their interactions with other components.
- vitrified bond components /
- ternary phase diagram /
- thermal expansion coefficient /
- mechanical property

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图 1 各组配方在相图中的位置

Figure 1. Position of each group of formula in phase diagram

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图 2 各组配方在相图中的位置放大图

Figure 2. Enlarged diagram of position of each group of formula in phase diagram

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图 3 各组配方在三元相图中的耐火度趋势

Figure 3. Trend of refractoriness of each formula in ternary phase diagram

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图 4 各组配方在三元相图中的流动性趋势

Figure 4. Flowability of each formula in ternary phase diagram

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图 5 各组配方在三元相图中的热膨胀系数趋势

Figure 5. Trend of thermal expansion coefficient of each formula in ternary phase diagram

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图 6 各组配方在三元相图中的抗折强度趋势

Figure 6. Trend of flexural strength of each formula in ternary phase diagram

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图 7 各组配方在三元相图中的显微硬度趋势

Figure 7. Microhardness trend of each formula in ternary phase diagram

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图 8 结合剂的微观形貌

Figure 8. Microscopic morphology of the bond

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表 1 陶瓷结合剂各组分质量分数

Table 1. Mass fraction of each component of ceramic bond

组号	质量分数 ω / %
组号	SiO₂	B₂O₃	Al₂O₃	Na₂O
1 #	50	30	20	25
2 #	50	25	25	25
3 #	55	30	15	25
4 #	55	25	20	25
5 #	55	20	25	25
6 #	60	30	10	25
7 #	60	25	15	25
8 #	60	20	20	25
9 #	60	15	25	25
10 #	65	25	10	25
11 #	65	20	15	25
12 #	65	15	20	25
13 #	65	10	25	25
14 #	70	20	10	25
15 #	70	15	15	25
16 #	70	10	20	25

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表 2 各组配方的耐火度

Table 2. Refractoriness of each group of formula

组号	耐火度 θ / ℃
组号	重复1	重复2	重复3	平均值
1 #	775	769	772	772
2 #	791	787	798	792
3 #	752	763	762	759
4 #	777	785	781	781
5 #	793	805	802	800
6 #	751	743	738	744
7 #	772	767	769	770
8 #	784	793	793	790
9 #	800	810	811	807
10 #	748	756	752	752
11 #	773	773	782	776
12 #	800	798	790	796
13 #	813	815	817	815
14 #	768	757	758	761
15 #	780	782	787	783
16 #	805	800	801	803

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表 3 各组配方的流动性

Table 3. Flowability of each group of formula

组号	流动性 L / %
组号	重复1	重复2	重复3	平均值
1 #	130	137	138	135
2 #	125	120	123	122
3 #	130	134	135	133
4 #	119	122	122	121
5 #	110	113	107	110
6 #	133	129	131	131
7 #	122	124	117	121
8 #	107	109	111	109
9 #	100	103	109	104
10 #	120	118	122	120
11 #	110	113	104	109
12 #	98	100	108	102
13 #	93	98	97	96
14 #	103	107	111	107
15 #	98	102	103	101
16 #	98	93	94	95

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表 4 各组配方的热膨胀系数

Table 4. Coefficient of thermal expansion of each group of formula

组号	热膨胀系数 α / K⁻¹
1 #	6.01×10⁻⁶
2 #	5.92×10⁻⁶
3 #	5.83×10⁻⁶
4 #	5.77×10⁻⁶
5 #	5.51×10⁻⁶
6 #	5.67×10⁻⁶
7 #	5.44×10⁻⁶
8 #	5.34×10⁻⁶
9 #	5.23×10⁻⁶
10 #	5.30×10⁻⁶
11 #	5.17×10⁻⁶
12 #	5.13×10⁻⁶
13 #	5.05×10^₋₆
14 #	5.08×10⁻⁶
15 #	5.10×10⁻⁶
16 #	5.15×10⁻⁶

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表 5 各组配方的抗折强度

Table 5. Flexural strength of each group of formula

组号	抗折强度 σ / MPa
组号	重复1	重复2	重复3	平均值
1 #	39.77	39.52	39.88	39.72
2 #	40.52	40.88	40.64	40.68
3 #	41.88	42.03	41.92	41.94
4 #	43.44	43.11	43.08	43.21
5 #	48.77	48.65	48.77	48.73
6 #	46.20	46.52	46.60	46.44
7 #	49.96	50.01	50.24	50.07
8 #	55.32	55.44	55.47	55.41
9 #	61.75	61.63	61.87	61.75
10 #	58.29	58.51	58.49	58.43
11 #	64.10	64.41	64.45	64.32
12 #	66.70	66.92	66.87	66.83
13 #	69.71	69.44	69.47	69.54
14 #	68.77	68.71	68.71	68.73
15 #	67.88	67.94	67.88	67.90
16 #	65.60	65.83	65.89	65.77

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表 6 各组配方的显微硬度

Table 6. Microhardness of each group of formula

组号	显微硬度 H / MPa
组号	重复1	重复2	重复3	平均值
1 #	748	753	751	751
2 #	744	737	740	741
3 #	780	790	790	787
4 #	773	775	775	774
5 #	766	760	764	761
6 #	813	811	824	816
7 #	799	805	806	803
8 #	794	799	792	795
9 #	788	775	777	780
10 #	831	841	838	835
11 #	818	826	822	822
12 #	804	811	814	810
13 #	802	795	803	800
14 #	858	849	855	854
15 #	851	847	843	847
16 #	830	837	832	833

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