Analysis of drilling force characteristics and trepanning tool wear during GFRP low frequency axial vibration drilling hole
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摘要:
GFRP的套孔钻削过程中极易产生分层、撕裂等加工损伤，其与轴向钻削力直接相关。为提高GFRP的制孔质量，采用新型金刚石薄壁套料钻，结合低频轴向振动加工技术，建立单颗磨粒的运动学模型和动力学模型，试验研究GFRP制孔中的轴向力变化规律，并对套料钻的烧焦概率、自动落料率进行分析。结果表明：对比常规钻削，低频振动钻削时的瞬时进给量和轴向力比常规钻削时的大，且随着振幅的增加，轴向力也随之增大；低频振动钻削和常规钻削时的轴向力皆随进给速度的增加而增大，随主轴转速的升高而降低。同时，低频振动钻削时磨粒间断性地参与钻削，大大降低了套料钻的烧焦概率，提高了其自动落料率，自动落料率高达88.24%，可实现GFRP的连续批量制孔。
Abstract:The processing damages such as delamination and tearing were easily produced during the drilling of the sleeve holes of GFRP, which were directly related to the axial drilling force. In order to improve the quality of GFRP hole-making, a new diamond thin-wall trepanning tool was adopted; and combined with the low-frequency axial vibration machining technology, the kinematic model and the dynamic model of single abrasive particle were established. The variation law of axial force in GFRP hole-making was experimentally studied. The burning probability and the automatic blanking rate of trepanning tool were analyzed. The results show that the instantaneous feed rate and the axial force of low-frequency vibration drilling are larger than that of conventional drilling. Besides, the axial force increases with the increase of amplitude, and the axial forces of the low-frequency vibration drilling and the conventional drilling increase with the increase of feed speed and decrease with the increase of spindle speed. At the same time, the abrasive particles participate in drilling intermittently, which greatly reduces the burning probability of the trepanning drill and improves its automatic blanking rate. The automatic blanking rate during low-frequency vibration drilling is up to 88.24%, which can realize the continuous batch hole-making of GFRP.
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Key words:
- low frequency axial vibration /
- hole machining /
- axial force /
- burning probability /
- automatic blanking
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图 1 低频轴向振动加工示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of low-frequency axial vibration machining
图 2 低频轴向振动刀柄的运动学展开示意图
Figure 2. Kinematic unfolding diagram of low-frequency axial vibration tool holder
图 4 低频振动系统单自由度动力学模型
Figure 4. Single-degree-of-freedom dynamic model of low-frequency axial vibration
图 6 低频轴向振动钻削时的轴向力采集
Figure 6. Axial force acquisition during low frequency axial vibration drilling
表 1 GFRP孔加工试验参数
Table 1. GFRP hole processing test parameters
刀具及
条件编号孔加工方法 主轴转速
n1 / (r·min−1)进给速度
vf / (mm·min−1)振幅
A / mm1# 低频轴向振动 3 380 12.5 0.015，0.040
0.065，0.090常规 0 2# 低频轴向振动 3 380 10.0，12.5，
15.6，19.60.040 常规 0 3# 低频轴向振动 3 020，3 380，
3 790，4 25012.5 0.040 常规 0 
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表 2 金刚石套料钻工况统计表
Table 2. Working condition statistics table of diamond trepanning tool
加工
方式试验
次数套料钻
数量烧焦
次数R1 / % 未自动落
料次数自动落料率
R2 / %常规钻削 12 2 1* 8.33 3 75.00 振动钻削 34 1 − 0 4 88.24 *注：常规钻削时，第6次钻孔时套料钻烧焦，重新更换新套料钻继续进行钻削试验。
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