烧结工艺对CuSnZn合金粉末性能的影响

曹新民; 鲍丽; 李振; 程传卫; 陈鹏; 潘建军; 于奇; 于新泉

doi:10.13394/j.cnki.jgszz.2023.0173

烧结工艺对CuSnZn合金粉末性能的影响

doi: 10.13394/j.cnki.jgszz.2023.0173

曹新民^1,,
鲍丽¹,
李振^2, ,,
程传卫³,
陈鹏⁴,
潘建军¹,
于奇¹,
于新泉¹

1.
郑州机械研究所有限公司, 郑州 450001
2.
郑州新兴产业技术研究促进中心, 郑州 450001
3.
郑州市科技创新服务中心, 郑州 450001
4.
河南信大融合科技有限公司, 郑州 450001

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（52005452）。

详细信息

作者简介:
曹新民，男，1969年生，本科。主要研究方向：制备金刚石工具用混料、冷压、热压及相关成套设备、金刚石工具用合金粉末。 E-mail：zzjxyjs@126.com

通讯作者:
李振，男，1982年生，硕士。主要研究方向：有色金属材料及粉末。 E-mail：xxcyzx602@163.com

中图分类号: TG74
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-23
- 修回日期: 2023-09-02
- 录用日期: 2023-09-28
- 网络出版日期: 2024-09-25
- 刊出日期: 2024-08-20

Effect of sintering process on properties of CuSnZn alloy powder

1.
Zhengzhou Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering Co., LTD., Zhengzhou 450001, China
2.
Zhengzhou Emerging Industry Technology Research and Promotion Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China
3.
Zhengzhou Science and Technology Innovation Service Center, Zhengzhou 450001, China
4.
Henan Xinda Fusion Technology Co., LTD., Zhengzhou 450001, China

摘要

摘要: 提高金刚石工具的性能并控制其生产成本已成为工程应用领域的重点研究方向。本研究中，通过雾化法制备不同Zn质量分数（10.00%~30.00%）的CuSnZn合金粉末，在610～655 ℃不同的热压烧结温度和21 MPa的烧结压力下制备烧结节块，并对烧结节块的理论密度、洛氏硬度、抗弯强度、显微形貌进行分析。结果表明：随着Zn含量升高，CuSnZn合金粉末熔化温度逐渐降低，当Zn质量分数为30.00%时，熔化温度降低到848 ℃；当Zn质量分数为20.00%时，烧结节块致密度降低至97.6%；烧结节块的抗弯强度先升高后降低，当Zn质量分数为20.00%时，达到最大值542 MPa；烧结节块中的黄铜由α相逐渐转变为α + β相和α + β + β´相，其洛氏硬度显著提升；节块的断裂方式由沿晶断裂逐渐过渡到穿晶断裂。
- CuSnZn合金粉末 /
- 致密度 /
- 沿晶断裂
Abstract: Objectives: Diamond tools are crucial in stone processing, and their performance is directly related to processing quality and cost. With the rise of stone and labor costs, the performance requirements on diamond tools are also increasing, including sharpness, self sharpening, tool life, and cutting efficiency. To improve efficiency and reduce costs, users often increase the cutting machine power and speed, which further requires diamond tools to have higher sharpness and strength at the risk of breakage. A practical method method is to increase the content of tin (Sn) in the segment to enhance its brittleness without changing the diamond concentration and particle size. However, an increase in Sn content will reduce the strength of the segment and may lead to a decrease in the holding force between CuSn alloy and diamond. For example, the commonly used CuSn10 and CuSn15 pre alloy powders in industry have low strength and weak holding force on diamond. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the powder properties and processing technology. Methods: Adding Zn element to CuSn10 alloy powder can improve powder strength and holding force. CuSnZn-x alloy powder (mass fraction of Zn, x=10.00%, 15.00%, 20.00%, 25.00%, 30.00%) was prepared by atomization process. The hot pressing sintering temperatures were 610 ℃, 615 ℃, 630 ℃, 645 ℃, 655 ℃, and the sintering pressure was 21 MPa. The melting temperature of CuSnZn alloy powder was tested using a differential thermal analyzer. The density of the sintered segment was tested using Archimedes drainage method. The bending strength of the sintered segment was tested using mechanical performance testing equipment. The Rockwell hardness of the sintered segment was measured using a Rockwell hardness tester. The microstructure morphology of the sintered segment and its fracture were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Other performances of samples with different Zn contents were analyzed and compared as well, namely theoretical density, Rockwell hardness, and flexural strength, to study the influence of Zn content on sample microstructure. Results: With the increase of Zn content, the rate of decrease in melting temperature of CuSnZn alloy powder first increases and then decreases. When the Zn mass fraction is 30%, the melting temperature decreases to 848 ℃, which is 164 ℃ lower than that of CuSn10. As the Zn content increases, the brass in the sintered segment gradually transforms from the α phase to the α+β phase and then the α+β+β´ phase, resulting in a significant increase in the Rockwell hardness of the segment. The bending strength of the sintered segment first increases and then decreases, reaching a maximum value of 542 MPa when the Zn mass fraction is 20.00%. When the mass fraction of Zn is 10.00% and 15.00%, obvious toughness dimples are observed on the fracture surface of the sintered segment, and particle peeling is observed on the fracture surface. The peeling surface is smooth and flat, indicating grain boundary peeling fracture of the phase structure. When the mass fraction of Zn is 20.00% and 25.00%, a large number of cleavage fracture surfaces are observed on the fracture surface of the sintered segment, and a small amount of smooth concave transgranular fracture is observed, which is partially intergranular fracture and partially transgranular fracture. When the mass fraction of Zn is 30.00%, the fracture surface of the sintered segment is flat and smooth, and the crack passes through the phase interface and grain along the hard and brittle structure, which is transgranular fracture. Conclusions: Adding Zn element can effectively reduce the melting point of alloy powder, and with the increase of Zn content, the hardness of sintered samples increases while the toughness decreases. When the Zn content is 30.00%, the melting temperature of CuSnZn alloy powder reaches its minimum value. When the Zn content exceeds 25.00%, the strength of the sintered samples will gradually decrease. Therefore, in actual production, the appropriate amount of Zn addition and sintering process should be selected based on comprehensive consideration of demand.
- CuSnZn alloy powder /
- density /
- intergranular fracture

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图 1 CuSnZn三元合金相图

Figure 1. Phase diagram of CuSnZn alloy

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图 2 不同牌号合金粉末熔化温度

Figure 2. Melting temperature of different types of alloy powders

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图 3 CuSnZn合金热压烧结工艺曲线

Figure 3. Hot pressing sintering process curve of CuSnZn alloy

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图 4 CuSnZn合金烧结节块致密度

Figure 4. Density of CuSnZn alloy sintered matrix

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图 5 CuSnZn烧结节块洛氏硬度

Figure 5. Hardness of CuSnZn sintered matrix

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图 6 CuSnZn烧结节块抗弯强度

Figure 6. Strength of CuSnZn Sintered matrix

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图 7 CuSnZn烧结体显微形貌照片

Figure 7. Microstructures of CuSnZn sintered matrix

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图 8 CuSnZn烧结体断口形貌照片

Figure 8. Micromorphology of CuSnZn sintered matrix fracture surface

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表 1 CuSnZn合金粉末成分设计

Table 1. Composition design of CuSnZn alloy powder

牌号	元素质量分数 ω₁ / %			理论密度 ρ / (g·cm⁻³)
牌号	Cu	Sn	Zn	理论密度 ρ / (g·cm⁻³)
CuSnZn-1	余量	10.00	10.00	8.55
CuSnZn-2	余量	10.00	15.00	8.44
CuSnZn-3	余量	10.00	20.00	8.34
CuSnZn-4	余量	10.00	25.00	8.24
CuSnZn-5	余量	10.00	30.00	8.15

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表 2 烧结节块能谱分析及相组织分析

Table 2. Energy spectrum and phase structure analysis of sintered matrix

测量序号	元素质量分数 ω₂ / %			存在的相
测量序号	Cu	Sn	Zn	存在的相
1	66.03	30.37	3.60	α + δ
2	78.67	7.07	14.26	α
3	63.07	26.02	10.91	α + δ
4	72.81	3.49	23.70	α
5	63.24	26.02	10.75	α + δ
6	74.41	4.64	20.95	α + β
7	55.69	20.69	23.62	α + δ + β + β´
8	67.39	2.91	29.71	α + β + β´
9	53.97	15.39	30.65	α + δ + β + β´
10	65.10	1.17	33.74	α + β + β´

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