磨损齿PDC钻头的切削性能试验

张春亮; 王锦成; 柯晓华; 冯枭; 杨迎新; 任海涛; 黄子轩

doi:10.13394/j.cnki.jgszz.2022.0084

磨损齿PDC钻头的切削性能试验

doi: 10.13394/j.cnki.jgszz.2022.0084

张春亮^1, ,,
王锦成¹,
柯晓华^{2, 3},
冯枭^{2, 4},
杨迎新¹,
任海涛¹,
黄子轩¹

1.
西南石油大学机电工程学院, 成都 610500
2.
油气钻完井技术国家工程研究中心, 北京 102206
3.
中国地质大学（北京）, 北京 100083
4.
中国石油集团工程技术研究院有限公司, 北京 102206

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51374176）；四川省科技厅科技计划（23QYCX0251）。

详细信息

通讯作者:
张春亮，男，博士、讲师、硕士生导师。主要研究方向：钻头基础技术、岩石破碎、井下工具、机械设计理论等。E-mail：Zhangchunliang6666@163.com

中图分类号: TQ164； TG74； TG58； TE921
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-06
- 修回日期: 2022-08-15
- 录用日期: 2022-08-15
- 网络出版日期: 2023-03-27
- 刊出日期: 2023-02-20

Experimental study on working mechanics of PDC bit with worn teeth

1.
College of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
2.
National Engineering Research Center for oil & gas drilling and completion technology, Beijing 102206, China
3.
China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
4.
CNPC Engineering Technology R & D Company Limited, Beijing 102206, China

摘要

摘要: 为探究磨损齿PDC钻头的切削性能，避免其过早失效，通过单齿切削试验以及全尺寸磨损齿钻头钻进试验，分析磨损齿的受力状态以及钻头的钻进特性。结果表明：相比于新齿，磨损齿受载更大，且其“磨圆”后切岩过程中的钝搓现象普遍存在；在相同吃深条件下，齿的磨损高度越大，载荷波动越明显。相比于新钻头，磨损齿钻头更能产生光滑的井底，不利于其侵入地层。随齿的磨损高度增加，钻头的机械钻速下降，机械比能增加，振动程度减小，且钻头的径向加速值与齿的磨损高度无关。当齿的磨损高度大于3.0 mm时，钻头的机械比能和机械钻速对钻压不敏感。
- 切削载荷 /
- 单齿切削 /
- 钻进特性 /
- 机械比能 /
- 机械钻速
Abstract: PDC bits have been working in a worn state for a long time. To explore its cutting performance and avoid premature failure of the bit, this paper analyzes the load on the worn teeth and the drilling characteristics of the bit through single tooth cutting experiment and full-scale wear bit drilling experiment. The result shows that the worn teeth bear larger load compared with the new teeth, and the phenomenon of blunt rubbing is common in the process of rock cutting after the cutting teeth are “rounded”. Under the same depth, the greater the wear height is, the more obvious the load fluctuation appears. Through the full-scale bit drilling experiment, it is found that compared with the new bit, the worn bit can produce a smoother bottom hole, which is not beneficial for PDC bits' teeth intruding into the rock. With the increase of wear degree, the mechanical rate of penetration decreases and the mechanical specific energy increases. When the wear is greater than 3 mm, the mechanical specific energy and mechanical rate of penetration are not sensitive to weight on bit. With the increase of wear degree, the vibration degree of the bit decreases, and there is little difference in the radial acceleration value of the bit regardless of the wear degree.
- cutting load /
- single tooth cutting /
- drilling characteristics /
- mechanical specific energy /
- mechanical penetration rate

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图 1 钻头和切削齿的磨损

Figure 1. Wear of drill bit and cutting teeth

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图 2 切削齿切削破岩试验系统

Figure 2. Cutter cutting rock breaking test system

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图 3 磨损齿样品

Figure 3. Worn tooth sample

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图 4 岩石样品

Figure 4. Rock sample

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图 5 切削齿切削破岩过程及岩石刮痕

Figure 5. Rock breaking process and rock scratch by cutting teeth

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图 6 不同切削参数下的切削载荷

Figure 6. Cutting load under different cutting parameters

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图 7 不同前倾角时磨损齿的磨损面积

Figure 7. Wear area of worn teeth at different rake angles

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图 8 刮痕对比

Figure 8. Comparison of scratches

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图 9 硬挤压现象

Figure 9. Hard extrusion phenomenon

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图 10 钻头磨损平面示意图

Figure 10. Plan schematic of bit wear

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图 11 钻进试验装置

Figure 11. Drilling experimental device

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图 12 井底刮痕对比

Figure 12. Comparison of bottom hole scratches

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图 13 钻速与钻压的关系

Figure 13. Relationship between rate of penetrate and weight on bit

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图 14 扭矩与钻压的关系

Figure 14. Relationship between torque and weight on bit

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图 15 切削深度与钻压的关系

Figure 15. Relationship between depth of cut and weight on bit

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图 16 钻压与机械比能的关系

Figure 16. Relationship between weight on bit and mechanical specific energy

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图 17 磨损程度与加速度的关系

Figure 17. Relationship between wear degree and acceleration

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表 1 岩石力学性质参数

Table 1. Mechanical property parameters of rock

岩性	弹性模量 E / GPa	泊松比μ	抗压强度 σ_c / MPa	密度 ρ / (g·cm⁻³)	内摩擦角 φ / (°)
砂岩	11.54	0.062	67.548	2.42	38.03
灰岩	31.20	0.171	105.951	2.46	43.62
花岗岩	31.78	0.118	126.519	2.73	45.29

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表 2 磨损条件下单齿切削试验方案

Table 2. Experimental scheme of single tooth cutting under wear condition

试验变量	试验参数
试验变量	磨损高度 h₁ / mm	岩石种类	前倾角 γ /（°）	齿径 l / mm	切削深度 h₂ / mm	钝化类型
磨损高度	0.6,0.9, 1.2,1.5	砂岩	15	15	1.2	C
前倾角	0.6	砂岩	10,15,20	15	1.2	C
齿径	0.6	砂岩	15	15,17,19	1.2	C
钝化类型	0.6	砂岩	15	17	1.2	C, Y, Z
切削深度	0.6	砂岩	15	15	0.3,0.6, 1.2,1.5	C
岩石种类	0.3	砂岩，灰岩，花岗岩	15	15	1.2	C

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