TiH<sub>2</sub>的加入对Cu<sub>3</sub>Sn金属间化合物金刚石砂轮磨削性能的影响

何珂桥; 陈帅鹏; 康希越; 贺跃辉

doi:10.13394/j.cnki.jgszz.2023.0261

TiH₂的加入对Cu₃Sn金属间化合物金刚石砂轮磨削性能的影响

doi: 10.13394/j.cnki.jgszz.2023.0261

中南大学, 粉末冶金国家重点实验室, 长沙 410083

详细信息

通讯作者:
贺跃辉，男，1963年生，博士，教授。主要研究方向：金属间化合物、超硬材料和粉末冶金高速钢等。E-mail: yuehui@csu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TG74
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-12-01
- 修回日期: 2024-03-04
- 录用日期: 2024-03-18
- 网络出版日期: 2024-06-21
- 刊出日期: 2025-02-20

Effect of TiH₂ addition on grinding performance of Cu₃Sn intermetalliccompound diamond wheels

State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China

摘要

摘要: 为进一步提升Cu₃Sn金属间化合物金刚石砂轮的锋利度和保形性，制备不同TiH₂加入量的Cu₃Sn金属间化合物球磨粉末、金刚石磨块及砂轮。通过对微观形貌、氧含量、物相组成、热效应、力学性能等进行测试和分析，探究TiH₂对Cu₃Sn金属间化合物金刚石砂轮磨削性能的影响。研究结果表明：TiH₂对Cu₃Sn球磨粉末有抑制增氧的作用，促进粉末烧结。当TiH₂的质量分数为2.0%时，氧质量分数从0.67%降低到最小值0.51%。TiH₂能够提高胎体对金刚石的把持力，可提高试样的抗弯强度和硬度：当TiH₂的质量分数为1.5%时，抗弯强度达到最大值80.74 MPa；当TiH₂的质量分数为2.0%时，洛氏硬度达到最大值109.88 HRB；当TiH₂的加入量继续增大时，抗弯强度和硬度反而下降。TiH₂可提升砂轮的磨削性能，磨削YG8硬质合金时，加入质量分数为2.0%的TiH₂使金刚石砂轮最快进给速率从0.020 mm / 次提升到0.035 mm / 次，磨削比从51.09提升到最大值172.03。
- TiH₂ /
- 金属间化合物 /
- 力学性能 /
- 磨削比
Abstract: Objectives With the development of the modern manufacturing industry, the requirements for material machining accuracy and surface quality are increases continuously. For the precision grinding of high hardness and high wear-resistant materials, superhard material grinding wheels are required to possess high processing efficiency and durability. Intermetallic compound bond diamond grinding wheels have the wear resistance of metal grinding wheels and the self-sharpness of ceramic grinding wheels simultaneously, but they still lacks of sharpness or shape retention when machining hard and brittle materials at high loads and high speeds. To improve the sharpness and shape retention of Cu₃Sn intermetallic compound diamond grinding wheels, this study investigates the addition of TiH₂. Cu₃Sn ball-milling powders, diamond grinding blocks, and grinding wheels with different TiH₂ additions are prepared. Methods The effects of TiH₂ addition on the grinding performance of Cu₃Sn intermetallic diamond grinding wheels are investigated using testing and analyzing the micro-morphology, oxygen content, physical phase composition, thermal effect, and mechanical properties. Results (1) TiH₂ was added to the Cu₃Sn intermetallic compound bond, and the mixture is ball milled together. TiH₂ inhibits the increase in oxygen content, which improves the properties of the ball-milled bond powder and facilitated the sintering process. When TiH₂ is added with a mass fraction of 2.0%, the oxygen content is reduced from 0.67% to a minimum value of 0.51%. (2) TiH₂ decomposes into Ti and H₂ during the sintering process, and Ti could react with the C atoms on the surface of the diamond to form a Ti—C bond. This chemical bonding between the metal bond and diamonds could increased the bonding strength. TiH₂ could improve the mechanical properties of diamond grinding blocks, but a larger amount of TiH₂ increased the pores in the metal bond, which reduced its strength. When TiH₂ mass fraction is 1.5%, the flexural strength reaches the maximum value of 80.74 MPa, and the addition of 2.0% TiH₂ increased the Rockwell hardness to reaches a maximum value of 109.88 HRB. (3) Adding of an appropriate amount of TiH₂ forms a chemical metallurgical bond between diamonds and the bonding agent, which strengthens the holding force of the bonding agent to the diamonds, increases the protrusion height and chip space on the working surface, and improves the sharpness of the grinding wheel. At the same time, it can avoid the premature shedding of diamonds, reducing the consumption of the working layer and improving the shape retention of the grinding wheel. The grinding wheels prepared by adding a certain amount of TiH₂ prior to the ball milling treatment of Cu₃Sn bond powder exhibited better grinding performance. Both sharpness and shape retention are enhanced. When grinding YG8 cemented carbide, the addition of 2.0% TiH₂ enhanced the fastest feed rate of the grinding wheel from 0.020 mm/feed to 0.035 mm/feed. Meanwhile, the grinding ratio of the wheel reached a maximum value of 172.03, which is enhanced by 237% compared with the specimen without TiH₂ addition. Conclusions In this paper, TiH₂ is added to Cu₃Sn intermetallic compounds by ball milling, and the oxygen content of the bond powder is reduced. At the same time, the carbide-formation element Ti reacts with the diamond to form a chemical metallurgical bond, which improves the bonding strength between the diamond and the bonding agent. This results in improved grinding performance of the diamond wheel and provides a reference for the design and development of diamond grinding wheels with high sharpness and high conformal retention.
- TiH₂ /
- intermetallic compounds /
- mechanical properties /
- grinding ratio

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图 1 Cu₃Sn + 1.5% TiH₂球磨粉末的SEM二次电子像

Figure 1. SEM secondary electron images of Cu₃Sn + 1.5% TiH₂ ball-milling powder

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图 2 Cu₃Sn与不同质量分数TiH₂混合粉末在球磨前后的粒度（D₅₀）

Figure 2. Particle size （D₅₀） of Cu₃Sn powders mixed with different contents of TiH₂ before and after ball-milling

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图 3 TiH₂粉末球磨前后的XRD图谱

Figure 3. XRD pattern of TiH₂ powder with and without ball-milling

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图 4 Cu₃Sn与不同含量TiH₂混合粉末以及纯TiH₂粉末球磨前后的氧含量

Figure 4. O content of Cu₃Sn powders mixed with different contents of TiH₂ and pure TiH₂ powder before and after ball-milling

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图 5 Cu₃Sn、Cu₃Sn + TiH₂以及TiH₂球磨后的DSC曲线

Figure 5. DSC curves of Cu₃Sn, Cu₃Sn + TiH₂ and TiH₂ after ball-milling

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图 6 TiH₂对金刚石磨块抗弯强度和洛氏硬度的影响

Figure 6. Effect of TiH₂ on flexural strength and Rockwell hardness of diamond grinding block

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图 7 Cu₃Sn + 2.5% TiH₂和Cu₃Sn金刚石磨块的红外光谱

Figure 7. Infrared spectra of Cu₃Sn diamond grinding blocks with 2.5% TiH₂ and without TiH₂

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图 8 TiH₂加入量对金刚石磨块断面单位面积金刚石数量的影响

Figure 8. Effect of TiH₂ addition on number of diamonds per unit area of diamond grinding block section

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图 9 金刚石磨块断口的SEM图像

Figure 9. SEM images of fracture of diamond grinding blocks

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图 10 TiH₂加入量对砂轮磨削比的影响

Figure 10. Effect of TiH₂ addition on grinding ratio of grinding wheel

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表 1 实验试剂

Table 1. Experimental reagents

试剂	纯度 / 质量分数	粒度	生产商
Cu₃Sn	＞99.9%	9.394 μm （D₅₀）	有研新材料股份有限公司
TiH₂	＞99.7%	＜38 μm	成都国衡科技有限公司
无水乙醇	AR，＞99.7%		湖南汇虹试剂有限公司
球形石墨	＞99.0%	20～30 μm	中钢碳素化学股份有限公司
金刚石	＞98.0%	53 / 45 μm	郑州金开新材料科技有限公司
硬脂酸	AR		天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司
浓盐酸	AR，36.0%～38.0%		国药集团化学试剂有限公司
浓硝酸	AR，65.0%～68.0%		国药集团化学试剂有限公司

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表 2 实验仪器

Table 2. Experimental instruments

仪器	型号	制造商
行星式球磨机	XQM-2	长沙天创粉末技术有限公司
电热恒温烘箱	101-3	兴化市金虎电热电器有限公司
三维混料机	Turbula T2C	Willy A. Bachofen AG Maschinenfabrik
四柱液压机	YQ32-400	山东滕州泰力数控机床有限公司
箱式电阻炉	SX-12-10	长沙市长城电炉厂
场发射扫描电子显微镜	Quanta FEG 250	FEI Company, Inc.
激光粒度分布仪	BT-9300H	丹东百特仪器有限公司
X射线衍射仪	Empyrean	PANalytical B.V.
氧氮氢分析仪	TCH600	LECO Corporation
同步热分析仪	STA 449F3	NETZSCH
微机控制电子万能试验机	LD25.504	深圳市兰博三思材料检测有限公司
数显洛氏硬度计	200HRS-150	莱州华银试验仪器有限公司
傅里叶变换红外光谱仪	Nicolet™ iS50	Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.
三维超景深显微镜	VHX-5000	KEYENCE Corporation
卧轴矩台平面磨床	SG2550AHD	上海启哲实业有限公司

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表 3 金刚石磨块及砂轮的配方设计

Table 3. Formulation of diamond grinding blocks and wheels

样品	Cu₃Sn质量分数 ω₁ / %	TiH₂质量分数 ω₂ / %	石墨质量分数 ω₃ / %	金刚石质量分数 ω₄ / %
对照	88.5	0	1.5	10
1	88.0	0.5	1.5	10
2	87.5	1.0	1.5	10
3	87.0	1.5	1.5	10
4	86.5	2.0	1.5	10
5	86.0	2.5	1.5	10

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表 4 Cu₃Sn / TiH₂金刚石砂轮磨削YG8硬质合金的实验数据

Table 4. Experimental data of Cu₃Sn / TiH₂ diamond grinding wheel grinding YG8 cemented carbide

TiH₂质量分数 ω₂ / %	最快进给速率 v / （mm / 次）	硬质合金体积变化值 V₁ / mm³	砂轮体积变化值 V₂ / mm³	磨削比 G	磨耗比 Φ	表面粗糙度 R_a / μm
0	0.020	10 276.08	201.140 0	51.09	0.019 6	0.07 ~ 0.11
0.5	0.030	10 074.87	241.623 0	41.70	0.024 0	0.05 ~ 0.09
1.0	0.040	10 200.30	247.557 6	41.20	0.024 3
1.5	0.030	10 390.62	109.513 1	94.88	0.015 0
2.0	0.035	10 436.30	60.648 8	172.03	0.005 8
2.5	0.040	10 362.18	144.938 5	71.49	0.014 0

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